Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Black Gram Cultivation Using Internet Of Things - 1639 Words

Black gram Cultivation using Internet of Things (IOT) K. Upendra1, B. Adinarayanareddy2, Y. Vasanthi3 Asst.Prof1, KKR KSR Institute of Technology and sciences, Guntur, AP, India. Asst.Prof2, KKR KSR Institute of Technology and sciences, Guntur, AP, India. Asst.Prof3, KKR KSR Institute of Technology and sciences, Guntur, AP, India. Abstract: Black gram is one the good pulses used daily in homes for breakfast in India. In this article we are going to use IOT technology for the cultivation of black grams. Actually Black gram crop duration is 75-90 days. Here the problem is funguses fastly spread in the black gram crop for controlling this continuous monitoring is required humans cannot monitor 24X7 but the sensors can monitor. For this reason we are going to use Internet of Things technology for black gram cultivation. We arrange sensors for the black gram plants in the field randomly if any changes occurs sensor will automatically alerts the farmer by sending SMS to the farmer. Keywords: IOT, Black gram, Pulses, Smart Agriculture I.Introduction: Smart devices. Smartphones. Smart cars. Smart homes. Smart cities, A smart world [3]. Here the goal is only one less resources more consumption and avoiding the manual intervention. For these reasons Internet of Things is going to be the useful technology in the future also. Today every where we are using sensors technology for devices, vehicles, buildings, and even for plants also. Here the thing is sensing and actuation oneShow MoreRelated Drug Abuse Among American Teenagers Essay7972 Words   |  32 Pageswant to do. They develop ideas in your head also about whats right and wrong, these ideas are constructed realities. If a teenagers parents are involved with drugs, the teen or child will observe that and think that it is OK for them to do the same thing, because they think it must be normal, after all the parents do it, why cant they? Another example of Differential Association would be with friends. 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Monday, December 16, 2019

Cats Free Essays

I have read and understood The University of Sydney Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy 2012 . I understand that failure to comply with the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism in Coursework Policy can lead to the University commencing proceedings against me for potential student misconduct under Chapter 8 of the University of Sydney By-Law 1999 (as amended). 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Cats or any similar topic only for you Order Now This work is substantially my own, and to the extent that any part of this work is not my own I have indicated that it is not my own by acknowledging the source of that part or those parts of the work. . The assessment has not been submitted previously for assessment in this or any other unit, or another institution. . I acknowledge that the assessor of this assignment may, for the purpose of assessing this assignment may: Reproduce this assignment and provide a copy to another member of the Faculty of Health Sciences; and/or Use similarity detection software (which may then retain a copy of the assignment on its database for the purpose of future plagiarism checking). 7. I have retained a duplicate copy of the assignment. Please type in your name here to acknowledge this declaration: Coherence Luau Now proceed to page 2 to begin your assignment. This template will become your assignment file. OFFICE USE ONLY Question 1: Positivistic Theory (Biological and Psychological Theory) The positivist approach to criminality introduced the idea of empirically researching crime to understand the causes of criminality, and thus the solutions to solving it. Positivism is based in logic, and is the philosophy that combined epistemological phenomena with science (Blackmore, 1972). The theory assumes that criminals are fundamentally different from non-criminals; either biologically (Limbos), psychologically (Freud), social (Park, Druthers) or in some combination of them all, ND thus aim to classify people according to these differences (Boom, 2010). The approach ultimately replaced the ‘rational man’ with the ‘criminal type’ (Killing, 1997). The period of Enlightenment in the 18th century enforced human progression, and as such, saw Positivism gain popularity. It was a move from abstract reasoning to rationalism, from superstition to science, with the emergence of intellectuals with philosophies to understand and improve the world (Porter, 2001). Since this time, the positivist approach has guided policymaking throughout the criminal Justice system. Positivism focused on specifically tailored treatment to fit the needs of offenders’ (Treadwell, 2006). Positivists dismiss any form of evidence that does not have an empirical basis, such as religion, magic, philosophy and tradition (Blackmore, 1972). Those that cannot be objectively experienced are rejected, in so that positivists can explain criminal behavior through that which can only be observed or measured (Boom, 2010). Biological positivists look at observables such as anatomical abnormalities, identifiable genetic of gene patterns, and bodily actions where as psychological positivists will look at biological observables, but will add behavioral factors, for instance, child rearing practices and brain abnormalities that causes identifiable behavior outcomes. Positivism views criminals as certain kinds of human beings who are governed by natural phenomena, which have been set in place by an external factor that is out of their control. It follows that criminals do not make decisions regarding their criminal behavior, and thus, the abstract view of humans being rational were discarded. Biological theories sought to determine a biological defect inside individuals that caused a predisposition towards criminal behavior. Limbos was one of the most influential early biological thinkers and positivist theorists, and was influenced by phrenology in his theory. Phrenology is the concept that the shape of your skull defines your character. Through his studies, Limbos identified ‘born criminals’ to be dangerous ‘evolutionary throwbacks’ (Limbos, 2006). He identified physical features of criminals, which supported this notion, as they echoed biological features of an ape. Among others, Limbos classified several criminal characteristics through studying cadavers of executed criminals. Features such as smaller and more deformed skulls, canine teeth, protruding ears, excessive hairiness and unusually long arms were said to be common features in criminals (Limbos, 2006). Generally, biological positivists search for biological causes generally in genetic inheritance. The chromosome pairing of an ordinary female is XX, and for a male, XX. However, there are naturally occurring variations, for example the pairing EX. of chromosomes, known as the Skillfulness’s Syndrome (Taylor, Walton and Young, 1973). This theory claimed that people with an extra X chromosome were more likely to omit crimes and could be identified by their biological and physical features, such as lacking facial air, round bodies and were frequently infertile. However, further investigation into this theory showed that abnormal people containing an extra Y chromosome showed signs of slight mental deficiency. On this assumption, Price undertook chromosome counts on all available male patients in a special security institution in Scotland and found that X† males tended to be severe psychopaths. The extra Y chromosome, therefore, appeared to be positively linked to increased eight and psychopaths. In essence, biological positivists were attempting to be able to identify criminals by looking at them. Psychological positivism focuses on aggression, psychopathology and violence when studying crime (Storefront, 1990). It is based in the field of psychometrics that seeks to measure psychological and mental differences between criminals and non- criminals. One of the most famous theories in this field is Sigmund Freud†s theory of the structures of the mind, used to explain the influence of the unconscious over conscious thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The theory divides itself into the unconscious id, the ego, and the superego (Martin, 2007). Further, Wilson and Hermiston’s personality study and crime concluded that crime is a rational act of defective personality (Treadwell, 2006). Furthermore, psychologically based theories in criminology have focused on deficient cognitions as causes of crimes. Hostels and Sameness (2004) extended this notion by their study of male offenders from a variety of backgrounds, which were divided into an experimental group and compared to a control group of ‘normal’ convicted prisoners. The two theorists legged that a common factor in shaping the thinking pattern of criminals was denial of responsibility. They concluded that these thinking errors were an aspect of criminal thinking patterns, and developed a cognitive treatment programmer to ‘cure’ these errors. Druthers held the belief that societies are external to the individuals who compose them (Schemas, 1994), and from this, formulated his notion of a social fact. A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general wrought a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations. Druthers was the pioneer of early positivist Social Research with his famous study of suicide. This was so others would be able to develop evidence for ideas on human behavior rather than unsubstantiated theories. The use of positivism in criminology aims to identify the problem and treat it, and thus control crime and criminality. In more modern times, Rained conducted a study in 1998 on the brains of murderers as compared to a control group using PET scans. In the case of those who committed impulsive murders, Rained concluded that the emotional impulsive murderers are less able to regulate and control aggressive impulses generated from subtropical structures due to deficient preferential regulation† (Rafter, 2008). Despite conclusions drawn from the movement in criminology, it was claimed that Very little of contemporary psychology can be described as positivistic’ (McGuire, 2004) as it is not directly observable, and thus to associate it with Positivism is fallacious. Theorists such as Boom criticized Positivism for its flawed belief in roommate consensus (Boom, 2010), as well as Reid, who believed that positivism was a dualistic fallacy (Reid, 1982). As the approach advocates two distinct groups of criminals and non-criminals whom are influenced by biological, psychological and social factors, other elements such as ones culture was dismissed in the theory. In regards to the positivist approach to Skillfulness’s Syndrome, it was found out through further research that criminals had normal chromosomes and that non-criminals also had abnormal chromosomes, thus disproving the black and white division of Iranians being the only people with irregular genetic material. Nonetheless, the Positivist movement has played a vital role in shaping the criminal Justice system. Regardless of its ignorant faults in its biomedical and psychological aspects, the approach has influenced Western criminal codes and has impacted the modifications made of the classical model. Rushers, a modern day psychologist, bases his research on the Positivist theory. His book, â€Å"Race, Evolution and Behavior† (1995) attempts to show that East Asian people and their descendants average a larger brain size, greater intelligence, and slower rates of maturation than o Europeans and their descendants. The contributions of the positivist school have combined with the classical theory of criminology to shape the contemporary criminal Justice system. The punishment of a criminal must fit the crime (Siegel, 2010), as in reality, victims and perpetrators are often the same people, Just swapping roles in different situations† (Maguire, 1996). Positivism was formulated on the intention of obtaining facts about human behavior, but as human existence is a complex and volatile phenomenon, any attempt to classify it in black and white falls short. Aiming to obtain objective fact is important in influencing criminal legislations, and can offer solutions to committed crimes. However, relying solely on objectivity is impossible, and subjectivity must be accepted as an inherent part of human nature as any claim of pure objectivity is simply fictitious (Reid, 1982). How to cite Cats, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Case Study on Japan Natural Calamity Happened After That Business Impacts free essay sample

Case study On Japan Natural Calamity happened after that Business Impacts: (IST )12th Mar 2011 (Saturday) The day came again for the Japan when it was struck with a big disaster after the 2nd world war, but this time it was a natural calamity. Earthquake was of 8. 9 measured on the rector scale. Epicenter approx. 70 km east of the Oshika peninsula and the hypocenter was deep in the sea approx 32km in depth. It was the most powerful known earthquake to have hit Japan, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world overall since modern record-keeping began in 1900. The earthquake triggered extremely destructive tsunami waves of up to 40. 5 metres (133 ft) in Miyako, Tohoku. The tsunami which brought destruction along the Pacific coastline of Japans northern islands and resulted in the loss of thousands of lives and devastated entire towns. The actual height predicted of the tsunami varied, the greatest being for Miyagi at 6 m (20 ft) high. Casualties The National Police Agency has confirmed 15,709 deaths,5,717 injured,and 4,626 people missing across eighteen prefectures. Of the 13,135 fatalities recovered by 11 April 2011, 12,143 or 92. % died by drowning. Victims aged 60 or older accounted for 65. 2% of the deaths, with 24% of total victims being in their 70s. Damage and Business effects The degree and extent of damage caused by the earthquake and resulting tsunami were enormous, with most of the damage being caused by the tsunami. Estimates of the cost of the damage range well into the tens of billions of US dollars. An estimated 230,000 automobiles and trucks were damaged or destroyed in the disaster. Damage of the Power Station: ;;According to Tohoku Electric Power (TEP), around 4. million households in northeastern Japan were left without electricity. [198] Several nuclear and conventional power plants went offline after the earthquake, reducing TEPCOs (Tokoyo Electricity Power Company)total capacity by 21 GW. Ja pan declared a state of emergency following the failure of the cooling system at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant, resulting in the evacuation of nearby residents. Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency reported that radiation levels inside the plant were up to 1,000 times normal levels. nd that radiation levels outside the plant were up to 8 times normal levels. Later, a state of emergency was also declared at the Fukushima II nuclear power plant about 11 km south. It was reported that radioactive iodine was detected in the tap water in Fukushima, Tokyo. Radioactive cesium and iodine were also detected in the soil in some places in Fukushima. Food products were also found contaminated by radioactive matter in several places in Japan. A fire occurred in the turbine section of the Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant following the earthquake Damage to the Oil Gas Production A 220,000-barrel-per-day[208] oil refinery of Cosmo Oil Company was set on fire by the quake at Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, to the east of Tokyo,[209] It was extinguished after ten days, killing or injuring six people, and destroying storage tanks. Others halted production due to safety checks and power loss. The city-owned plant for importing liquefied natural gas in Sendai was severely damaged, and supplies were halted for at least a month. Damages To The Transportation: Japans transport network suffered severe disruptions. Many sections of Tohoku Expressway serving northern Japan were damaged. The expressway did not reopen to general public use until 24 March 2011. All railway services were suspended in Tokyo, with an estimated 20,000 people stranded at major stations across the city. A tsunami wave flooded Sendai Airport. Narita and Haneda Airport both briefly suspended operations after the quake Damages To The Telecommunications Cellular and landline phone service suffered major disruptions in the affected area. On the day of the quake, American broadcaster NPR (National Public Radio)was unable to reach anyone in Sendai with working phone or Internet. Internet services were largely unaffected in areas where basic infrastructure remained, despite the earthquake having damaged portions of several undersea cable systems landing in the affected region. After the earth quake tsunami some of the some of the American , deutsche German telecom companies offered free calls to the Japan for the limited time. Damages To The Space center JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) evacuated the Tsukuba Space Center in Tsukuba. The Center, which houses a control room for part of the International Space Station, has been shut down, with some damage reported. Damages To The Cultural Properties Five hundred and forty-nine Cultural Properties were damaged, including five National Treasures one hundred and forty-three Important Cultural Properties one hundred and twenty Monuments of Japan seven Groups of Traditional Buildings; and three Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties. Overlook And Aid : The aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and a major economic and Business impact. The tsunami resulted in over 300,000 displaced people in the Tohoku region, and shortages of food, water, shelter, medicine electricity fuel for survivors. In response the Japanese government mobilized the Self-Defence Forces, while many countries sent search and rescue teams to help search for survivors. Aid organizations both in Japan and worldwide also responded, with the Japanese Red Cross reporting $1 billion in donations. The economic impact included both immediate problems, with industrial production suspended in many factories, and the longer term issue of the cost of rebuilding which has been estimated at ? 10 trillion ($122 billion). This earthquake and tsunami badly affected all the business running in the country.